Debates on conservation and protected areas: consolidated paradigms and new horizons
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article briefly analyzes the main theoretical discussions on nature conservation through protected areas. In a context of expansion and diversification of mechanisms to protect nature, such strategy stresses due to its precursor character and the magnitude and intensity of their territorial consequences. Initially, we address the consolidated paradigms over nature conservation. On one hand, fortress conservation supports the idea of parks and natural reserves without humans. On the other, for community based conservation there is no need to evict or expel communities to achieve conservation goals. Without ignoring the uneven impacts that this two paradigms implies, both shows a moral condition over nature conservation and besides their differences are reduced on management terms. Aimed at broadening the analysis, we point out theoretical frames that explain conservation and their mechanisms within capitalism and are especially interested in unraveling the characteristics and dynamics assumed in the current neoliberal phase. Thus, conservation is a social issue where a diversity of interests converges rather than a simple concern about protecting nature.
Downloads
Article Details
Letras Verdes, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, operates under Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Work 3.0 unported (CC BY-ND 3.0).
The authors who publish in Letras Verdes accept these terms:
You are free to share / copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, including commercial. Therefore, authors retain the copyright and cede to the journal the right of the first publication (CC by-ND 3.0), which allows third parties the redistribution, commercial or noncommercial, of what is published as long as the article circulates without changes.
The following conditions exist for the authors:
Recognition - you must recognize the authorship, provide a link to the license and indicate whether changes have been made. You can do this in any way reasonable, but not in a way that suggest that has the support of the licensor or receives it by the use he makes.
Without Derivative Work – If you remixed, transform or create a work from the original material, you cannot broadcast the modified material.
For more details, visit the page of Creative Commons (CC).
References
Beltrán, Oriol, José Pascual e Ismael Vaccaro (Coord.) (2008). "Introducción. Espacios naturales protegidos, política y cultura". En Patrimonialización de la naturaleza. El marco social de las políticas ambientales. Donosti: Ankulegui.
Brechin, Steven, Peter Wilshusen y Crystal West (2002). "Beyond the square wheel: toward a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity conservation as social and political process". Society & Natural Resources N° 15, pp. 41-64.
Brockington, Dan y Rosaleen Duffy (Ed.) (2011). "Introduction: Capitalism and Conservation: The production and reproduction of biodiversity conservation". En Capitalism and Conservation. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
Chapin, Mac (2004). "Un reto a los conservacionistas". Worldwatch Magazine, pp. 1-23.
Naciones Unidas (1992). Convenio Mundial sobre Diversidad Biológica. Disponible en: https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-es.pdf
D´Amico, Paula, Natalia Schroeder y Paula Taraborelli (2014). "Desarrollo sostenible y conservación: algunos debates, alternativas y propuestas". En Ventanas sobre el territorio. Herramientas teóricas para comprender las tierras secas. Torres, Laura; Abraham, Elena y Pastor, Gabriela (Coord.) Mendoza: EDIUNC.
Durand, Leticia (2014). "¿Todos ganan? Neoliberalismo, naturaleza y conservación en México". Sociológica, Vol. 29, Nº 82, pp. 182-223.
Ferrero, Brian (2011). "Conservación, comunidades y certificación. Un análisis de la relación entre capital y conservación en la provincia de Misiones". En Entre chacras y plantaciones. Trabajo rural y territorios en producciones que Argentina. Mastrangelo, Andrea y Trpin, Verónica (Coord.) Buenos Aires: Ciccus.
Galafassi, Guido (2005). "Los estudios sobre sociedad-naturaleza-desarrollo: ¿ruptura del cientificismo y emergencia de un movimiento teórico social o solo una nueva forma de disciplinamiento?". En Sociedad y Desarrollo. Aportes para reiniciar un debate crítico. Galafassi, Guido y Dimitriu, Andrés (Coord.) Buenos Aires: Extramuros.
Garland, Elizabeth (2008). "The Elephant in the room: confronting de colonial character of wildlife conservation in Africa". African Studies Review, Vol. 51 Nº3, pp. 51-74.
Haesbaert, Rogerio (2011). El mito de la desterritorialización. Del "fin de los territorios" a la multiterritorialidad. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
Hutton, Jon, William Adams y James Murombedzi (2005). "Back to the Barriers? Changing Narratives in Biodiversity Conservation". Forum Development Studies, Vol. 32 Nº 2, pp. 341-370.
Igoe, Jim, Katja Neves y Dan Brockington (2011). "A spectacular eco-tour around the historic bloc: theorising the convergence of biodiversity conservation and capitalism expansion". En Capitalism and Conservation. Brockington, Dan y Duffy, Rosaleen (Ed.). United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
Igoe, Jim y Dan Brockington (2007). "Neoliberal Conservation: a brief introduction". Conservation and Society, Vol. 5, Nº 4, pp. 432-449.
MacDonald, Keneth (2011). "The devil is in the (bio)diversity: private sector "engagement" and the restructuring of biodiversity conservation". En Capitalism and Conservation. Brockington, Dan y Duffy, Rosaleen (Ed.). United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
O´Connor, James (2001). Causas Naturales. Ensayos de marxismo ecológico. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
Shanee, Noga (2013). "Campesino justification for self-initiated conservation actions: a challenge to mainstream conservation". Journal of Political Ecology, Nº 20, pp. 414-428.
UNEP-WCMC-UICN (2012). "Protected Planet Report. Tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas". Disponible en https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/protected_planet_report.pdf (visitada el 14 de octubre de 2014).
Vaccaro, Ismael, Oriol Beltrán y Pierre Paquet (2013). "Political ecology and conservation policies: some theoretical genealogies". Journal of Political Ecology Nº 20, pp. 255-272.
West, Paige, Jim Igoe y Dan Brockington (2006). "Parks and people: the social impact of protected areas". Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 35, pp. 251-277.
Wilshusen, Peter, Steven Brechin, Crystal Fortwangler y Patrick West (2002). "Reinventing a Square Wheel: Critique of a Resurgent Protection Paradigm". Society & Natural Resources N° 15, pp. 17-40.