Small scale mining cooperatives in Bolivia: From lifeguard of the poor to machinery of political manipulation

Abstract

This article argues that relations between social movements and organizations and the State are not only developed based on defended objectives and interests in political negotiations, but are also developed within particular situations, of specific cultures and histories. Our investigation about the relationship between mining cooperatives, their national organization, and the Bolivian State demonstrates the crucial importance of considering historical aspects, of collective memory, some regional and others within the organizations themselves. The traditions, memories, and abilities incorporated in the mining organizations and in the political realm will influence the way in which different parts relate to one another, design their strategies, and adapt to changing circumstances. This topic is illustrated firstly through a historical and contemporary account of mining in Bolivia focused in the sector of small scale mining. This is followed by outlining the position that cooperative mining occupies in the country and the strategies and self esteem that they display. Next, our case study is addressed: the ASOBAL cooperative. In the national outline, like in our case study, we connect the positions and strategies
with themes of identity, memory, and place.