Psicología y medioambiente. Hacia una aplicación de la sustentabilidad
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Dado el desafío que implica la crisis climática, y la necesidad de adoptar medidas urgentes, se requiere todo el conocimiento disciplinar que la humanidad pueda desarrollar para establecer estrategias de mitigación. El objetivo del presente artículo es contribuir a la discusión científica sobre el cambio climático desde la perspectiva de la Psicología, describiendo y analizando los principales factores que influyen en las conductas sustentables de las personas. Como metodología, se aplica una revisión de literatura no sistemática, desde un enfoque de análisis reflexivo, dado el potencial que tiene esta herramienta para investigar en el rubro de la educación y las ciencias sociales. La Psicología entrega importantes herramientas para entender la diversidad de respuestas personales y sociales frente al cuidado del medioambiente, tanto propositivas como de negación. Para tal efecto, se revisan dos grandes categorías de estudio: los factores psicológicos y los factores de tipo contextual. Posteriormente, se describen las principales estrategias de intervención mediante modelos holísticos y ecológicos, para explicar las acciones sustentables por parte de los individuos, así como proveer evidencia científica que respalda su asociación. Finalmente, se discute la pertinencia de incluir estos conceptos en investigaciones posteriores que aborden la temática medioambiental para una comprensión más integral del fenómeno.
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