Topology of fear: impacts on the spatial perception of safety in Latin America
Main Article Content
Abstract
The dramatic increases in crime rates and the perception of insecurity in Mexico has fueled the interest in decoding the relationship between fear and the urban environment. This paper examines different epistemological perspectives to understand more deeply the phenomenon of fear of crime. With a special emphasis on those perspectives that go beyond the rationalist models, we explored issues of representation, speeches, scales and contexts, aiming to explore local narratives, cultural representations and different levels of symbolic meaning that contribute to the spatial construction of fear.
Downloads
Article Details

Urvio, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, operates under Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Work 3.0 unported (CC BY-ND 3.0).
The authors who publish in Urvio accept these terms:
You are free to share / copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, including commercial. Therefore, authors retain the copyright and cede to the journal the right of the first publication (CC by-ND 3.0), which allows third parties the redistribution, commercial or noncommercial, of what is published as long as the article circulates without changes.
The following conditions exist for the authors:
Recognition - you must recognize the authorship, provide a link to the license and indicate whether changes have been made. You can do this in any way reasonable, but not in a way that suggest that has the support of the licensor or receives it by the use he makes.
Without Derivative Work – If you remixed, transform or create a work from the original material, you cannot broadcast the modified material.
For more details, visit the page of Creative Commons (CC).
References
Abramo, Pedro. 2003.”La teoría económica de la favela: cuatro notas sobre la localización residencial de los pobres y el mercado inmobiliario informal”. Ciudad y Territorio: Estudios Territoriales (136-137): 273-294.
Alexander, Christopher. 1965. “A City is not a tree”. Architectural Forum 122 (1): 58-62 (Parte I), 122 (2): 58-62 (Parte II).
Altheide, David L. 2002. Creating fear: news and the construction of crisis. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Bandura, Albert. 1977. “Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioral change”. Psychological Review 84 (2): 191-215.
Biderman, Albert, Louise A. Johnson, Jennie Mclntyre y Adrianne W. Weir. 1967. Report on a Pilot Study in the District of Columbia on Victimization and Attitudes Towards Law Enforcement. Whashington: U. S. Department of Justice, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/737NCJRS.pdf
Bilsky, Wolfgang y Peter Wetzels. 1997. “On the relationship between victimization and fear of crime”. Psychology, Crime, and Law, (3): 309-318.
Bourke, Joanna. 2005. Fear: a Cultural History. London: Virago.
Brenner, Neil y Nik Theodore. 2003. Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.
Caldeira, Teresa. 2000. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in Sao Paulo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chomsky Noam. 2012. “Intencionales, las fallidas consecuencias de la lucha contra el narco: Noam Chomsky”. La Jornada, http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2012/05/13/mundo/021n1mun
Ditton, Jason, Derek Chadee, Stephen Farrall, Elizabeth Gilchrist y Jon Bannister. 2004. “From Imitation to Intimidation”. British Journal of Criminology (44): 595-610.
Ellin, Nan. 2001. “Thresholds of fear: embracing the urban shadow”. Urban Studies (38):5-6.
Ferraro, Kenneth. 1995. Fear of Crime, Interpreting Victimization Risk. Albany: State University of New York press.
Foucault, Michel. 1984a. “Space, Power and Knowledge”. Rabinow, Paul The Foucault Reader. London: Penguin Books.
_ 1984b. “Des Espaces Autres”. Architecture / Mouvement / Continuite (5): 46-49.
_ 1980. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. London, Harvester Press.
Freud, Sigmund. 2013. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis: Charleston: CreateSpace.
Fridja, Nico H. 1993. “Moods, emotion episodes and emotions” en Handbook of Emotions, editado por Michael Lewis y Jeannette M. Haviland, 381-404. New York: The Guilford Press.
Furedi, Frank 1997. The culture of fear: risk taking and the morality of low expectations. London: Cassell.
Furedi, Furedi. 2007. “Towards a sociology of fear”, en Fear: Essays on the meaning and experience of fear, editado por Hebblethwaite, Kate y Elizabeth McCarthy. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
García-Canclini, Nestor, Alejandro Castellanos y Ana Rosas Mantecón. 1996. La ciudad de los viajeros. Travesías e imaginarios urbanos: México 1940-2000. México: Grijalbo y UAM.
Garland, David. 2001. The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society. Oxford: University of Chicago Press.
Gerbner, George y Larry Gross. 1976. “Living with television: the violence profile”, Journal of Communication 26 (2): 173–99.
Glassner, Barry. 1999. The culture of fear: why americans are afraid of the wrong things. New York: Basic Books.
Grabosky, Peter. 1995. Fear of Crime and Fear Reduction Strategies (Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No. 44). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Guzelian, Christopher P. 2004. Liability and fear. Stanford, CA: Stanford Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series.
Hale, Christopher. 1996. “Fear of crime: a review of the literature”, International Review of Victimology 4 (2): 79–150.
Harvey, David. 2006. Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. London and New York: Verso.
Hernández, Leticia G., Laura G. Márquez y Julia E. Ponce. 2008. “Estudio de la calidad de los noticieros de la televisión local en Nuevo León, México: el caso de Multimedios Televisión, Televisión Azteca noreste y Televisa Monterrey”, Questión 1 (20): 1-23.
Hobbes, Thomas. 1980. Leviatán: o la materia, forma y poder de una república eclesiástica y civil. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Hollway, Wendy y Tony Jefferson. 1997. ‘The risk society in an age of anxiety: situating fear of crime’, British Journal of Sociology 48(2): 255–66.
Holston, James. 2007. Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hough, Mike. 1995. Anxiety About Crime: Findings from the 1994 British Crime Survey, Home Office Research Study No. 147, Home Office, London.
Hough, Mike y Peter Mayhew. 1984. “The British Crime Survey: first report”. The British Journal of Criminology. 24 (2): 195-205.
Hubbard, Phillip. 2003. “Fear and loathing at the multiplex: everyday anxiety in the post-industrial city”, Capital & Class 27 (2): 51-75.
Illich, Ivan. 1973. Tools of conviviality. Col. World Perspectives. New York: Editorial Harper & Row.
Jackson, Jonathan. 2004. “Experience and Expression: Social and Cultural Significance in the Fear of Crime”, British Journal of Criminology, 44 (6): 946-966.
Lefebvre, Henri. 2000. La production de l’espace. Librairie de l’architecture et de la ville. Paris: Anthropos.
Lupton, Deborah. 1999. Risk. London: Routledge.
Marx, Karl y Frederick Engels. 1974. La ideología Alemana. Barcelona: Grijalbo.
Norbert, Elias. 1982. The Civilizing Process, Vol.II. State Formation and Civilization. Oxford: Blackwell.
North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Paley, Dawn. 2012. “Drug War Capitalism. Militarization and economic transformation in Colombia and Mexico”. Against the current 27 (3): 21-26.
Perkins, D. & Taylor, R. 1996. Ecological assessments of community disorder: Their relationship to fear of crime and theoretical implications. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24 (1): 63-107.
Reguillo, Rossana. 1998. “Imaginarios globales, miedos locales. La construcción social del miedo en la ciudad”. Ponencia presentada en el IV encuentro de las Asociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores de la Comunicación (ALAIC), Recife, Universidad de Pernambuco.
Robin, Corey. 2004. Fear: the history of a political idea. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sacco, Vincent F. y William Glackman. 1987. “Vulnerability, locus of control and worry about crime”. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 6 (1): 99-111.
Scheler, Max. 1980. Problems of a sociology of knowledge. Trans. Manfred S. Frings. London: Routledge.
Signorelli, Nancy y George Gerbner. 1988. Violence and Terror in the Mass Media: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood.
Skogan, Wesley G. y Michael Maxfield. 1981. Coping with Crime, Beverly Hills: Sage.
Slovic, Paul. 1987. “Perception of risk”. Science 236 (4799): 280-285.
Smith, Neil. 1996. The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London: Routledge.
Sparks, Richard. 1992. “Reason and unreason in left realism: some problems in the constitution of the fear of crime”. En Issues in Realist Criminology, editado por R. Matthews y J. Young, 119–135. London: Sage.
Stanko, Elizabeth A. 1985. Intimate Intrusions. London: Unwin Hyman.
Taylor, Ian. 1995. “Fear of crime, urban fortunes and suburban social movements: some reflections from Manchester”, Sociology 30(2): 317–37.
Tsekeris, Charalambos. 2010. “Relationalism in sociology: theoretical and methodological elaborations”. Facta Universitatis 9(1): 139-148.
Tyler, Tom R., y Fay L. Cook. 1984. “The mass media and judgments of risk: Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47(4): 693–708.
Valenzuela Aguilera, Alfonso. 2013. “Dispositivos de la globalización: la construcción de grandes proyectos urbanos en Ciudad de México”. EURE 39 (116): 101-118.
Vanderveen, Gabry. 2006. Interpreting Fear, Crime, Risk and Unsafety. The Hague: BJU Legal Publishers.
Wacquant, Löic. 2009. Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Wyant, Brian R. 2008. Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45(1): 39-64.
Young, Jock. 1987. “The tasks facing a realist criminology”, Contemporary Crises 11:337–56.
Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1980. Les yeux ouverts. Paris: Gallimard.
